Cisgender - Revision history

Technician: /* Feminist criticism */ Formatting

2020-04-28T00:25:51Z

Feminist criticism: Formatting

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:25, 28 April 2020
Line 19:		Line 19:
	While a simplistic definition of ''cisgender'' such as "everyone who isn't transgender" seems innocuous, the precise definition rests on the concept of [[gender identity]]. A "cis woman," for instance, is said to be a person who is both physically [[female]], and who possesses a "female gender identity." While proponents of transgender ideology tend to refuse explainig what a female gender identity means, it seems similar to the oppressive notion that women have a feminine psyche or an inherent identification with feminine stereotypes. Although a person with female anatomy is allowed to identify out of the feminine gender under this world view, it draws a false dichotomy between female people who supposedly belong into the feminine gender, and female people who don't.		While a simplistic definition of ''cisgender'' such as "everyone who isn't transgender" seems innocuous, the precise definition rests on the concept of [[gender identity]]. A "cis woman," for instance, is said to be a person who is both physically [[female]], and who possesses a "female gender identity." While proponents of transgender ideology tend to refuse explainig what a female gender identity means, it seems similar to the oppressive notion that women have a feminine psyche or an inherent identification with feminine stereotypes. Although a person with female anatomy is allowed to identify out of the feminine gender under this world view, it draws a false dichotomy between female people who supposedly belong into the feminine gender, and female people who don't.

	<blockquote~~><em~~>		<blockquote>
	Feminism does not believe that asking whether an individual identifies with the particular social characteristics and expectations assigned to them at birth is a politically useful way of analyzing or understanding gender. Eliminating gender assignments, by allowing individuals to choose one of two pre-existing gender molds, while continuing to celebrate the existence and naturalism of “gender” itself, is not a progressive social goal that will advance women’s liberation. Feminism claims that gender is a much more complicated (and sinister) social phenomenon than this popular cis/trans binary has any hope of capturing. -- Elizabeth Hungerford, A feminist critique of "cisgender"		Feminism does not believe that asking whether an individual identifies with the particular social characteristics and expectations assigned to them at birth is a politically useful way of analyzing or understanding gender. Eliminating gender assignments, by allowing individuals to choose one of two pre-existing gender molds, while continuing to celebrate the existence and naturalism of “gender” itself, is not a progressive social goal that will advance women’s liberation. Feminism claims that gender is a much more complicated (and sinister) social phenomenon than this popular cis/trans binary has any hope of capturing.
	~~</em>~~</blockquote>
			-- Elizabeth Hungerford, [https://liberationcollective.wordpress.com/2012/06/08/a-feminist-critique-of-cisgender/ A feminist critique of "cisgender"]
			</blockquote>

	The concept leaves little room for a woman who is comfortable with her female anatomy, sees herself as nothing other than a "woman" in accordance with a straightforward biological definition, and yet rejects [[sexism\|sexist]] notions of an inherent feminine nature of her personality. She could be a strongly gender non-conforming radical feminist, and yet the mere act of calling herself a "woman" would mean that she has a female gender identity. As such, she would belong in the same category as a conservative woman who strictly adheres to traditional notions of femininity. Furthermore, even if we defined the former woman as "transgender" on the basis of her gender non-conformity, the femininity-conforming woman would have to be seen as being the way she is out of her inherent nature, since being transgender/cisgender is said not to be a choice. Opposite to that, the feminist perspective would posit that the woman who conforms to traditional femininity has internalized sexist oppression, is limiting her freedom, and could mentally break free and embrace gender non-conformity if she were to raise to a feminist political consciousness.		The concept leaves little room for a woman who is comfortable with her female anatomy, sees herself as nothing other than a "woman" in accordance with a straightforward biological definition, and yet rejects [[sexism\|sexist]] notions of an inherent feminine nature of her personality. She could be a strongly gender non-conforming radical feminist, and yet the mere act of calling herself a "woman" would mean that she has a female gender identity. As such, she would belong in the same category as a conservative woman who strictly adheres to traditional notions of femininity. Furthermore, even if we defined the former woman as "transgender" on the basis of her gender non-conformity, the femininity-conforming woman would have to be seen as being the way she is out of her inherent nature, since being transgender/cisgender is said not to be a choice. Opposite to that, the feminist perspective would posit that the woman who conforms to traditional femininity has internalized sexist oppression, is limiting her freedom, and could mentally break free and embrace gender non-conformity if she were to raise to a feminist political consciousness.

	<blockquote~~><em~~>		<blockquote>
	... despite possessing female biology and calling myself a woman, I do not consider myself a two-dimensional gender stereotype. I am not an ideal manifestation of the essence of womanhood, and so I am non-binary. Just like everybody else. However, those who describe themselves as non-binary are unlikely to be satisfied with this conclusion, as their identity as ‘non-binary person’ depends upon the existence of a much larger group of so-called binary ‘cisgender’ people, people who are incapable of being outside the arbitrary masculine/feminine genders dictated by society.		... despite possessing female biology and calling myself a woman, I do not consider myself a two-dimensional gender stereotype. I am not an ideal manifestation of the essence of womanhood, and so I am non-binary. Just like everybody else. However, those who describe themselves as non-binary are unlikely to be satisfied with this conclusion, as their identity as ‘non-binary person’ depends upon the existence of a much larger group of so-called binary ‘cisgender’ people, people who are incapable of being outside the arbitrary masculine/feminine genders dictated by society.

	And here we have an irony about some people insisting that they and a handful of their fellow gender revolutionaries are non-binary: in doing so, they create a false binary between those who conform to the gender norms associated with their sex, and those who do not. In reality, everybody is non-binary. We all actively participate in some gender norms, passively acquiesce with others, and positively rail against others still. So to call oneself non-binary is in fact to create a new false binary. It also often seems to involve, at least implicitly, placing oneself on the more complex and interesting side of that binary, enabling the non-binary person to claim to be both misunderstood and politically oppressed by the binary cisgender people. -- Rebecca Reilly-Cooper, The idea that gender is a spectrum is a new gender prison		And here we have an irony about some people insisting that they and a handful of their fellow gender revolutionaries are non-binary: in doing so, they create a false binary between those who conform to the gender norms associated with their sex, and those who do not. In reality, everybody is non-binary. We all actively participate in some gender norms, passively acquiesce with others, and positively rail against others still. So to call oneself non-binary is in fact to create a new false binary. It also often seems to involve, at least implicitly, placing oneself on the more complex and interesting side of that binary, enabling the non-binary person to claim to be both misunderstood and politically oppressed by the binary cisgender people.
	~~</em>~~</blockquote>
			-- Rebecca Reilly-Cooper, [https://aeon.co/essays/the-idea-that-gender-is-a-spectrum-is-a-new-gender-prison The idea that gender is a spectrum is a new gender prison]
			</blockquote>

	Another problem with the concept of cisgender arises when considering lesbian women, especially butch lesbians, for whom gender non-conformity feels natural. While every woman can choose to disregard rules of femininity after coming to a political consciousness, some women, especially lesbians, might feel naturally repelled from feminine stereotypes, beginning in early childhood. The concept of gender identity would have it that they are possibly transgender and as such not women, even though they might feel perfectly content with the word "woman" when stripped off of feminine stereotypes and limited to a non-sexist, scientific definition. Yet the concept of "cisgender" groups them together with women who find it easier to perform femininity, effectively erasing their unique experiences with regard to gender.		Another problem with the concept of cisgender arises when considering lesbian women, especially butch lesbians, for whom gender non-conformity feels natural. While every woman can choose to disregard rules of femininity after coming to a political consciousness, some women, especially lesbians, might feel naturally repelled from feminine stereotypes, beginning in early childhood. The concept of gender identity would have it that they are possibly transgender and as such not women, even though they might feel perfectly content with the word "woman" when stripped off of feminine stereotypes and limited to a non-sexist, scientific definition. Yet the concept of "cisgender" groups them together with women who find it easier to perform femininity, effectively erasing their unique experiences with regard to gender.

Technician: Use interwiki links for Wikipedia.

2020-03-27T07:24:45Z

Use interwiki links for Wikipedia.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:24, 27 March 2020
Line 7:		Line 7:
	== Etymology and history ==		== Etymology and history ==

	The words "cis" and "trans" originate from Latin, where they could be translated as "this side of" and "the other side of." Their usage as antonyms can be seen in a number of fields, such as in the [~~https~~:~~//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis%E2%80%93trans_isomerism~~ cis-trans isomerism] in organic chemistry, the so-called [~~https~~:~~//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementation_~~(genetics) cis-trans test] in genetics, or geographic terms such as [~~https~~:~~//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transjordan_~~(region) Transjordan] and [~~https~~:~~//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank#~~Cisjordan Cisjordan] (the eastern/western side of River Jordan). The word "cis" is presumably less well known than "trans" since many if not most terms using the word "trans" do not have a logical counterpart using "cis", for instance: ''translate'', ''transform'', ''transatlantic'', ''transpacific'', etc.		The words "cis" and "trans" originate from Latin, where they could be translated as "this side of" and "the other side of." Their usage as antonyms can be seen in a number of fields, such as in the [[Wikipedia:Cis–trans isomerism\|cis-trans isomerism]] in organic chemistry, the so-called [[Wikipedia:Complementation (genetics)\|cis-trans test]] in genetics, or geographic terms such as [[Wikipedia:Transjordan (region)\|Transjordan]] and [[Wikipedia:Cisjordan\|Cisjordan]] (the eastern/western side of River Jordan). The word "cis" is presumably less well known than "trans" since many if not most terms using the word "trans" do not have a logical counterpart using "cis", for instance: ''translate'', ''transform'', ''transatlantic'', ''transpacific'', etc.

	In a 1998 essay, sexologist [~~https~~:~~//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkmar_Sigusch~~ Volkmar Sigusch] cites his own 1991 article "Die Transsexuellen und unser nosomorpher Blick" ("Transsexuals and our nosomorphic view") as the origin of the term "cissexual,"<ref name=volkmar/> which might be a precursor to "cisgender."		In a 1998 essay, sexologist [[Wikipedia:Volkmar Sigusch\|Volkmar Sigusch]] cites his own 1991 article "Die Transsexuellen und unser nosomorpher Blick" ("Transsexuals and our nosomorphic view") as the origin of the term "cissexual,"<ref name=volkmar/> which might be a precursor to "cisgender."

	The terms cisgender and cissexual were used in a 2006 article in the ''Journal of Lesbian Studies'' entitled ''Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis''<ref name=green/> and in Julia Serano's 2007 book ''Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity''.<ref name=serano/> These works are attributed with the popularization of the term among English-speaking activists and academics.<ref name=popularity/>		The terms cisgender and cissexual were used in a 2006 article in the ''Journal of Lesbian Studies'' entitled ''Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis''<ref name=green/> and in Julia Serano's 2007 book ''Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity''.<ref name=serano/> These works are attributed with the popularization of the term among English-speaking activists and academics.<ref name=popularity/>
Line 44:		Line 44:
	<references>		<references>

	<ref name=kristen_schilt>{{cite journal \| last1 = Schilt \| last2 = Westbrook \| first1 = Kristen \| first2 = Laurel \| title = Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality \| journal = [~~https~~:~~//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_%26_Society~~ Gender & Society] \| volume = 23 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 440–464 [461] \| doi =10.1177/0891243209340034 \| date = August 2009 }}</ref>		<ref name=kristen_schilt>{{cite journal \| last1 = Schilt \| last2 = Westbrook \| first1 = Kristen \| first2 = Laurel \| title = Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality \| journal = [[Wikipedia:Gender & Society\|Gender & Society]] \| volume = 23 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 440–464 [461] \| doi =10.1177/0891243209340034 \| date = August 2009 }}</ref>

	<ref name=rrc>{{cite web\|url=https://aeon.co/essays/the-idea-that-gender-is-a-spectrum-is-a-new-gender-prison \|title=Gender is not a spectrum \|last=Reilly-Cooper \|first=Rebecca \|date=28 June, 2016 \|website=Aeon.co \|publisher=Aeon }}</ref>		<ref name=rrc>{{cite web\|url=https://aeon.co/essays/the-idea-that-gender-is-a-spectrum-is-a-new-gender-prison \|title=Gender is not a spectrum \|last=Reilly-Cooper \|first=Rebecca \|date=28 June, 2016 \|website=Aeon.co \|publisher=Aeon }}</ref>

Bcf: Add link to page in Portuguese

2020-02-17T18:59:42Z

Add link to page in Portuguese

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:59, 17 February 2020
Line 65:		Line 65:

	</references>		</references>

			<!-- Language links: -->

			[[pt:Cisgênero]]

Technician at 01:38, 5 February 2020

2020-02-05T01:38:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:38, 5 February 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{PageSeo \| description = Feminists oppose the notion of "cisgender" as it implies an inherent feminine identity in women. }}		{{PageSeo \| description = Feminists oppose the notion of "cisgender" as it implies an inherent feminine identity in women.
			}}
	In [[transgender ideology]], the term '''cisgender''' (often shortened ''cis'' as in ''cis man'' or ''cis woman'') stands for a person whose supposed [[gender identity]] aligns with their [[sex]], as opposed to [[transgender]] people who claim to have a "gender identity" that contradicts their sex.<ref name=kristen_schilt/> Since feminists oppose the [[gender essentialism\|gender essentialist]] notion of an inborn, inherent and essential feminine identity, and define [[gender]] as a [[patriarchy\|patriarchal]] tool of sex-based oppression rather than a personally felt identity, they consequently disagree with the concept of a "cisgender person" as defined on the basis of gender identity.<ref name=rrc/>		In [[transgender ideology]], the term '''cisgender''' (often shortened ''cis'' as in ''cis man'' or ''cis woman'') stands for a person whose supposed [[gender identity]] aligns with their [[sex]], as opposed to [[transgender]] people who claim to have a "gender identity" that contradicts their sex.<ref name=kristen_schilt/> Since feminists oppose the [[gender essentialism\|gender essentialist]] notion of an inborn, inherent and essential feminine identity, and define [[gender]] as a [[patriarchy\|patriarchal]] tool of sex-based oppression rather than a personally felt identity, they consequently disagree with the concept of a "cisgender person" as defined on the basis of gender identity.<ref name=rrc/>

Technician: /* Feminist criticism */

2019-08-16T20:33:45Z

Feminist criticism

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:33, 16 August 2019
Line 17:		Line 17:
	== Feminist criticism ==		== Feminist criticism ==

	While a simplistic definition of ''cisgender'' such as "everyone who isn't transgender" seems innocuous, the precise definition rests on the concept of [[gender identity]]. A "cis woman," for instance, is said to be a person who is both physically [[female]], and who possesses a "female gender identity." While proponents of transgender ideology tend to refuse explainig what a female gender identity ~~comprises~~, it seems similar to the oppressive notion that women have a feminine psyche or an inherent identification with feminine stereotypes. Although a person with female anatomy is allowed to identify out of the feminine gender under this world view, a false dichotomy ~~is drawn~~ between female people who belong ~~naturally~~ into the feminine gender ~~vs.~~ female people who ~~belong naturally outside of it~~.		While a simplistic definition of ''cisgender'' such as "everyone who isn't transgender" seems innocuous, the precise definition rests on the concept of [[gender identity]]. A "cis woman," for instance, is said to be a person who is both physically [[female]], and who possesses a "female gender identity." While proponents of transgender ideology tend to refuse explainig what a female gender identity means, it seems similar to the oppressive notion that women have a feminine psyche or an inherent identification with feminine stereotypes. Although a person with female anatomy is allowed to identify out of the feminine gender under this world view, it draws a false dichotomy between female people who supposedly belong into the feminine gender, and female people who don't.

	<blockquote><em>		<blockquote><em>

Technician at 20:29, 16 August 2019

2019-08-16T20:29:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:29, 16 August 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{PageSeo \| description = Feminists oppose the notion of "cisgender" as it implies an inherent feminine identity in women. }}		{{PageSeo \| description = Feminists oppose the notion of "cisgender" as it implies an inherent feminine identity in women. }}

	In [[transgender ideology]], the term '''cisgender''' (often shortened ''cis'' as in ''cis man'' or ''cis woman''~~, sometimes used as a prefix~~) stands for a person whose supposed [[gender identity]] aligns with their [[sex]], as opposed to [[transgender]] people who claim to have a gender identity that contradicts their sex.<ref name=kristen_schilt/> Since feminists oppose the [[gender essentialism\|gender essentialist]] notion of an inborn, inherent and essential feminine ~~psyche~~, and define [[gender]] as a [[patriarchy\|patriarchal]] tool of sex-based oppression rather than a personally felt identity, they consequently disagree with the concept of a "cisgender person" as defined on the basis of gender identity.<ref name=rrc/>		In [[transgender ideology]], the term '''cisgender''' (often shortened ''cis'' as in ''cis man'' or ''cis woman'') stands for a person whose supposed [[gender identity]] aligns with their [[sex]], as opposed to [[transgender]] people who claim to have a "gender identity" that contradicts their sex.<ref name=kristen_schilt/> Since feminists oppose the [[gender essentialism\|gender essentialist]] notion of an inborn, inherent and essential feminine identity, and define [[gender]] as a [[patriarchy\|patriarchal]] tool of sex-based oppression rather than a personally felt identity, they consequently disagree with the concept of a "cisgender person" as defined on the basis of gender identity.<ref name=rrc/>

	A simplistic ~~interpretation~~ of ''cis'', often used to defend the term from its ~~opponents~~, is "anyone who isn't trans." This defense fails to take into account precise definition of ''trans'' under transgender ideology, which ~~rests not on the material state of being transsexual, but solely~~ on the questionable ~~concept~~ of gender identity~~, which is a core tenet the ideology~~.		A simplistic definition of ''cis'', often used to defend the term from its critics, is "anyone who isn't trans." This defense of the term fails to take into account the precise definition of ''trans'' under transgender ideology, which is based on the questionable notion of [[gender identity]].

	== Etymology and history ==		== Etymology and history ==

Technician: /* References */

2019-05-30T20:53:59Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:53, 30 May 2019
Line 52:		Line 52:
	<ref name=green>{{cite journal \| last1 = Green \| first1 = Eli R. \| title = Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis \| journal = Journal of Lesbian Studies \| volume = 10 \| issue = 1/2 \| pages = 231–248 [247] \| year = 2006 \| doi=10.1300/j155v10n01_12 \| pmid = 16873223 }}</ref>		<ref name=green>{{cite journal \| last1 = Green \| first1 = Eli R. \| title = Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis \| journal = Journal of Lesbian Studies \| volume = 10 \| issue = 1/2 \| pages = 231–248 [247] \| year = 2006 \| doi=10.1300/j155v10n01_12 \| pmid = 16873223 }}</ref>

	<ref name=serano>Serano, Julia (2007). Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity. Seal Press~~. p.~~ 12~~. ISBN~~ 978-1-58005-154-5.</ref>		<ref name=serano>{{cite book \|last=Serano \|first=Julia \|date=2007 \|title=Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity \|publisher=Seal Press \|page=12 \|isbn=978-1-58005-154-5 }}</ref>

	<ref name=popularity>		<ref name=popularity>

Technician: /* References */

2019-05-30T20:13:27Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:13, 30 May 2019
Line 43:		Line 43:

	<references>		<references>
	<ref name=kristen_schilt>Schilt, Kristen~~; Westbrook,~~ Laurel ~~(August 2009). "~~Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality". Gender & Society. 23 (4): 440–464 [461]. doi:10.1177/0891243209340034</ref>
			<ref name=kristen_schilt>{{cite journal \| last1 = Schilt \| last2 = Westbrook \| first1 = Kristen \| first2 = Laurel \| title = Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality \| journal = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_%26_Society Gender & Society] \| volume = 23 \| issue = 4 \| pages = 440–464 [461] \| doi =10.1177/0891243209340034 \| date = August 2009 }}</ref>

	<ref name=rrc>{{cite web\|url=https://aeon.co/essays/the-idea-that-gender-is-a-spectrum-is-a-new-gender-prison \|title=Gender is not a spectrum \|last=Reilly-Cooper \|first=Rebecca \|date=28 June, 2016 \|website=Aeon.co \|publisher=Aeon }}</ref>		<ref name=rrc>{{cite web\|url=https://aeon.co/essays/the-idea-that-gender-is-a-spectrum-is-a-new-gender-prison \|title=Gender is not a spectrum \|last=Reilly-Cooper \|first=Rebecca \|date=28 June, 2016 \|website=Aeon.co \|publisher=Aeon }}</ref>
	<ref name=volkmar>Sigusch, Volkmar ~~(February 1998). "~~The Neosexual Revolution". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 27 (4~~): 331–359.~~ doi:10.1023/A:1018715525493~~. PMID~~ 9681118.</ref>
	<ref name=green>Green, Eli R. ~~(2006). "~~Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis". Journal of Lesbian Studies. 10 (1/2): 231–248 [247]. doi:10.1300/j155v10n01_12~~. PMID~~ 16873223.</ref>		<ref name=volkmar>{{cite journal \| last = Sigusch \| first = Volkmar \| authorlink = Volkmar Sigusch \| title = The Neosexual Revolution \| journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior \| volume = 27 \| pages = 331–359 \| date = February 1998 \| issue = 4 \| doi = 10.1023/A:1018715525493 \| pmid = 9681118 }}</ref>

			<ref name=green>{{cite journal \| last1 = Green \| first1 = Eli R. \| title = Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis \| journal = Journal of Lesbian Studies \| volume = 10 \| issue = 1/2 \| pages = 231–248 [247] \| year = 2006 \| doi=10.1300/j155v10n01_12 \| pmid = 16873223 }}</ref>

	<ref name=serano>Serano, Julia (2007). Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity. Seal Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-58005-154-5.</ref>		<ref name=serano>Serano, Julia (2007). Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity. Seal Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-58005-154-5.</ref>

	<ref name=popularity>		<ref name=popularity>
	Pfeffer, Carla ~~(2009). "~~Trans (Formative) Relationships: What We Learn About Identities, Bodies, Work and Families from Women Partners of Trans Men". Ph.D Dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Michigan.<br/>		{{Cite journal\| authorlink = Carla A. Pfeffer\| last = Pfeffer\| first = Carla\| title = Trans (Formative) Relationships: What We Learn About Identities, Bodies, Work and Families from Women Partners of Trans Men\| journal = Ph.D Dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Michigan\| year = 2009}}<br/>
	Williams, Rhaisa ~~(November 2010). "~~Contradictory Realities, Infinite Possibilities: Language Mobilization and Self-Articulation Amongst Black Trans Women". Penn McNair Research Journal. 2 (1).<br/>
	Drescher, Jack ~~(September 2009). "~~Queer Diagnoses: Parallels and Contrasts in the History of Homosexuality, Gender Variance, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual". Archives of Sexual Behavior~~. 39 (2): 427–460.~~ doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9531-5~~. PMID~~ 19838785.		{{Cite journal\| authorlink = Rhaisa K. Williams\| last = Williams\| first = Rhaisa\| title = Contradictory Realities, Infinite Possibilities: Language Mobilization and Self-Articulation Amongst Black Trans Women \| journal = Penn McNair Research Journal \| volume = 2\| issue = 1\| date = November 2010}}<br/>

			{{Cite journal\| last = Drescher\| first = Jack\| authorlink = Jack Drescher\| title = Queer Diagnoses: Parallels and Contrasts in the History of Homosexuality, Gender Variance, and the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual''\| journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior\| doi = 10.1007/s10508-009-9531-5 \| date = September 2009\| volume = 39\| issue = 2\| pages = 427–460\| pmid = 19838785}}
	</ref>		</ref>

	<ref name=gtrends>{{cite web \|url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=cisgender \|title=cisgender - Explore - Google Trends \|website=trends.google.com }}</ref>		<ref name=gtrends>{{cite web \|url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=cisgender \|title=cisgender - Explore - Google Trends \|website=trends.google.com }}</ref>

	</references>		</references>

Technician: /* References */

2019-05-30T15:46:59Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:46, 30 May 2019
Line 44:		Line 44:
	<references>		<references>
	<ref name=kristen_schilt>Schilt, Kristen; Westbrook, Laurel (August 2009). "Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality". Gender & Society. 23 (4): 440–464 [461]. doi:10.1177/0891243209340034</ref>		<ref name=kristen_schilt>Schilt, Kristen; Westbrook, Laurel (August 2009). "Doing Gender, Doing Heteronormativity: 'Gender Normals,' Transgender People, and the Social Maintenance of Heterosexuality". Gender & Society. 23 (4): 440–464 [461]. doi:10.1177/0891243209340034</ref>
	<ref name=rrc>https://aeon.co/essays/the-idea-that-gender-is-a-spectrum-is-a-new-gender-prison</ref>		<ref name=rrc>{{cite web\|url=https://aeon.co/essays/the-idea-that-gender-is-a-spectrum-is-a-new-gender-prison \|title=Gender is not a spectrum \|last=Reilly-Cooper \|first=Rebecca \|date=28 June, 2016 \|website=Aeon.co \|publisher=Aeon }}</ref>
	<ref name=volkmar>Sigusch, Volkmar (February 1998). "The Neosexual Revolution". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 27 (4): 331–359. doi:10.1023/A:1018715525493. PMID 9681118.</ref>		<ref name=volkmar>Sigusch, Volkmar (February 1998). "The Neosexual Revolution". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 27 (4): 331–359. doi:10.1023/A:1018715525493. PMID 9681118.</ref>
	<ref name=green>Green, Eli R. (2006). "Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis". Journal of Lesbian Studies. 10 (1/2): 231–248 [247]. doi:10.1300/j155v10n01_12. PMID 16873223.</ref>		<ref name=green>Green, Eli R. (2006). "Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis". Journal of Lesbian Studies. 10 (1/2): 231–248 [247]. doi:10.1300/j155v10n01_12. PMID 16873223.</ref>
Line 53:		Line 53:
	Drescher, Jack (September 2009). "Queer Diagnoses: Parallels and Contrasts in the History of Homosexuality, Gender Variance, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (2): 427–460. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9531-5. PMID 19838785.		Drescher, Jack (September 2009). "Queer Diagnoses: Parallels and Contrasts in the History of Homosexuality, Gender Variance, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (2): 427–460. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9531-5. PMID 19838785.
	</ref>		</ref>
	<ref name=gtrends>https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=cisgender</ref>		<ref name=gtrends>{{cite web \|url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=cisgender \|title=cisgender - Explore - Google Trends \|website=trends.google.com }}</ref>
	</references>		</references>

Technician at 11:46, 26 May 2019

2019-05-26T11:46:56Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 In [[transgender ideology]], the term '''cisgender''' (often shortened ''cis'' as in ''cis man'' or ''cis woman'', sometimes used as a prefix) stands for a person whose supposed [[gender identity]] aligns with their [[sex]], as opposed to [[transgender]] people who claim to have a gender identity that contradicts their sex.<ref name=kristen_schilt/>  Since feminists oppose the [[gender essentialism|gender essentialist]] notion of an inborn, inherent and essential feminine psyche, and define [[gender]] as a [[patriarchy|patriarchal]] tool of sex-based oppression rather than a personally felt identity, they consequently disagree with the concept of a "cisgender person" as defined on the basis of gender identity.<ref name=rrc/>
@@ Line 53: / Line 55: @@
 <ref name=gtrends>https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=cisgender</ref>
 </references>